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V. Please read the following article which presents both advantages and limitations of virtual travel. Do you think it is an effective way to balance exploration and conservation? Write an essay of about 200 words, expressing your opinions and reflections. Support your ideas with specific reasons, examples, or personal experience.                     Can Virtual Travel Replace In-person Tourism?       Travel has long been valued as a way to discover new places, encounter different cultures, and experience the beauty of nature. Yet modern tourism also creates serious problems. In many populardestinations, large numbers of visitors put pressure on local communities, damage natural habitats,and contribute to pollution. As a result, people have started to ask whether there are more responsibleways to make exploration accessible without exploitation.      One possible answer is virtual travel. With the help of digital technology, live-streaming devices, or remotely operated cameras, people can observe distant places without physically goingthere. Supporters believe this method may reduce the harmful effects of overtourism while still allowing people to learn about natural environments and cultural sites. It may also give access tothose who cannot travel casily because of age, cost, time, or physical condition.      In addition, virtual travel may serve educational purposes. Students can use it to study geography, wildlife, or environmental issues in a more direct and engaging fashion. Some also arguethat such experiences can inspire people to care more about conservation by helping them see fragile places without disturbing them.      However, not everyone is convinced that virtual travel through a screen is a satisfying substitute for in-person tourism. Using a phone, flying a drone, and watching a destination is very differentfrom actually being there, interacting with local people, and experiencing the atmosphere first-hand. Critics also point out that travel is not only about seeing; it is also about human connection, culturalunderstanding, and personal growth. These are difficult to reproduce through technology alone.     For this reason, virtual travel may be best seen not as a permanent replacement for traditional travel, but as an alternative approach to exploring the world. Whether it can truly balance explorationand conservation remains open to debate.

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14.李老師多年來在偏鄉國中與同事以教育部活化教學等計畫,致力於提升弱勢學生學習成效;今年為結婚而請 調至市區某.國中,發現學生社經背景良好且學業成就表現穩定,但校長領導忽略導入新理念,教師亦不積極敘入教學革新。請問依據L. Stoll的理論,該市區國中屬於何種學校文化? (A)逡巡式學校(有效但退步) (B)漫步式學校(缺乏效果與改革結果) (C)掙扎式學校(無效但有改進) (D)沉淪式學校(無效且退步) .

47. 下列何者不是佛洛伊德的看法? (A)心理防衛機制可暫時或永久解除我們內在衝突緊張 (B)潛意識活動僅在夢境與催眠或自由聯想中才能被發現 (C)口誤與筆誤皆源自內心的壓抑 (D)我們意識無法承受的壓力與痛苦,會交由潛意識來承擔。

43.有關集權式組織的優點,下列敘述何者正確? (A)減少工作重複及成本 (B)員工覺得自由受尊重 (C)職權和職責階層完整 (D)部門間容易相互溝通

44.某病房以病人照護技術需求為工作分配原則,屬於下列何種護理照護模式? (A)成組護理 (B)功能護理 (C)綜合護理 (D)個案護理

45.有關護理師常見的人因性職業傷害,下列何者錯誤? (A)下肢血管靜脈曲張 (B)背部扭拉傷 (C)自律神經失調 (D)椎間盤凸出

複選題6. 依據(《韓非子 •主道》),關於國君治術的敘述,敘述較適當的是: 人主之道,靜退以為寶。不自操事而知拙與巧,不自計感而知福與咎。是以不言而善應,不約而善增。言已應則執其契,事已增則操其符。符契之所合,賞罰之所生也。故群臣陳其言,君以其言授其事,事以責其功。功當其事, 事當其言,則賞;功不當其事,事不當其言,則誅。明君之道,臣不得陳言而不當。是故明君之行賞也,曖乎如時 雨,百姓利其澤;其行罰也,畏乎如雷霆,神聖不能解也。故明君無偷賞,無赦罰。賞偷則功臣墮其業,赦罰則奸臣易為非。是故誠有功則雖疏賤必賞,誠有過則雖近愛必誅。疏賤必賞,近愛必誅,則疏賤者不怠,而近愛者不驕也。 (A) 不自操事、不自計慮,顯示法家的治術也重虛靜無為 (B) 行時雨之賞、雷霆之罰,根於法家趨利避害的人性論 P 1 (C) 因臣子之言而授其事、責其功,循名責實以施行賞罰 (D) 嚴罰以防奸,偷賞以勵善,建構恩威並施的管理方法 (E) 賞疏賤、誅近愛,令疏賤者自戒不驕,近愛勤勉不怠